Organizational Power and Politics Essay Sample free essay sample

Date: The construct of organisational power and political relations is ideally indispensable in all organisations. The organisational behaviour defines its strategies of powers and the political relations among the involvement groups. Through organisational power and political relations. persons within involvement groups use assorted methodological analysiss and tactics in accomplishing the aims within the parametric quantities of the work groups. Organizational political relations are ever apparent at every incidence of formality or informality in the work topographic point. However. any personal aim can merely be accomplishable via exerting sound power usage while at place within the organisation. However as a societal construction. the organisations work force is endowed with assorted people who come together with diverseness into their ends and besides aims. Diversity into their ends is what brings out competition and besides horror of struggle when their actions are within limited resource factor. Through competition. the application of political relations and besides power is what develops as a response factor. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Power and Politics Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The political activity that operator within an organisation is due to the diverseness of advantages and resource distributions. To many nevertheless. this construct ( of organisational power and civil orders ) is understood otherwise. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. geocities. com/athens/forum/1650/htmlpolitc01. hypertext markup language ) At one point. organisation power among some groups arises when such groups ( people ) find themselves the lone able clients to execute a certain activity e. g. specializers. Therefore. such groups would increase such power within the organisation in compliment to the particular advantage they have. Either. power develops as a consequence of critical functionality within the organisational activity range. Either. organisation power can develop from the impact of other variables such as specific in control of resources. hierarchal authorization. able to get by with uncertainness. centrality and non-substitutability. Either. organisation power can be due to the expertness characters held by involvement groups. constituencies’ sizes and nature of this organisation. above that of the leading quality. Here. expertness is synonymous to non-substitutability. However in a greater deepness. the facet of organisation power relates to an independent variable of its structural system. Through one place. his power will develop in correspondence to the nature of his place which so dictates his handiness to the other peoples. flow of information via is authorization every bit good the consequence of budgetary/financial constructions. To remain in power implies the support on the bing organisation constructions. Elsewhere. political relations is the procedure through which involvements are recognized and reconciled of their viing characters at the organisation scenario. However. depending on the nature and sort of organisation. rapprochement procedure of these viing groups is of a diversified nature. On the other manus. organisational political relations can be implements for democratic regulation at the working environment. As organisations formulate methods of conflicting interests’ rapprochement. it formulates assorted regulations and system through which the party groups can follow. This is non an exclusion to my organisation where orders. ordinances and systems of administration between the organisational administration are addressed. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. geocities. com/athens/forum/1650/htmlpolitc01. hypertext markup language ) Through both bossy and democratic opinion systems. the order is created and maintained. The nature of bossy system is where involvement groups are authorized and dictated on what to make and set about by a senior individual. Here. the people under the senior individual ought to subjectively follow the orders dictated by the senior individual. Democratic system is where the people agree among themselves on what path to follow. However. both the two systems define criterions of a alone political orientation and aid to depict the nature of application of power with the organisational mentality. Organizational regulations are the determiner of the legitimacy held in every regulation. The chief implement ordering organisational policies is the diverseness in the involvements of people. Diverseness in involvements occurs conceptually when different employees at their personal orientations conflict with one another in footings of their demands. wants. desires and involvements. Every facet o f determination devising within the organisation has a inactive compliment procedure. Within the determination doing procedure by the different histrions. they seek to carry through the demands. which is a thrust of personal involvement above the general activity of fulfilling the demands of the organisation. Therefore. assorted involvement groups corporate adequately within the range of their organisational activity. However. the same groups become challengers in the other procedure of profiting from the rewarding of intangible capacity born out of their competitions ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. geocities. com/athens/forum/1650/htmlpolitc01. hypertext markup language ) Therefore. organisation political relations will be extremely inevitable due to the mature of human existences compounded by diverseness in personal involvements which are neer congruent with the will of the organisational demands. However. like a societal construction organisational power and political relations plays a low-level function in specifying the future goon of the organisation. The nature of such relationships defines the degree and the nature of the organisational behaviour. Summarily hence. the topic of power and political relations within an organisation remains cardinal for the facet of diverseness in personal involvement and the ends of the house. Since the factor of limited resources operate within the portion of production. competition will ever be between the people and constructions in such organisations. Power and political relations will hence develop as a safety to the consequence of wide ends and limited resources. Mention Ratzburg. W.Specifying Organizational Politicss. Retrieved on 12ThursdayDecember 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. geocities. com/athens/forum/1650/htmlpolitc01. hypertext markup language

Manipulation in Oryx and Crake Essay Example

Manipulation in Oryx and Crake Essay Example Manipulation in Oryx and Crake Paper Manipulation in Oryx and Crake Paper Manipulation in Orgy and Crake Manipulation may be a horribly effective word. Individuals have a tendency to utilize this move consistently to impel what they require in life. By misleading individuals or deceiving them into seeing a precise reason for read, individuals addition power. To skillfully utilize the office of control an individual ought to utilize someone elses shortcomings. By utilizing an individuals feelings against them, they will be controlled effortlessly. In the novel Orgy and Crake, many of the characters of uses these techniques virtually to realize their goals. Artistic gadgets like symbolism, clash, and imagery are utilized as a part of writing to pass on an exceptional intending to the reader. Regularly these gadgets are utilized to make a thought clearer, underline a point, or relate a knowledge to the reader. In her famous book, Orgy and Crake, Margaret Atwood uses arcane accessories to acquaint the theme and purpose of her book. Atwood makes frequent utilization of imagery to support her theme. Throughout the novel, we realize that the characters are indeed very manipulative and, in some ways, eager to have some power over someone else. Jimmy himself is to a certain extent a manipulative character. He knows how to use others to obtain what he wants. This is particularly true as to his relationships with women. Jimmy knows how to make them feel useful; he chooses sad women, delicate and breakable, women whod been messed up and who needed him. comforting them, he expects that a grateful woman would go the extra mile. (121 He also manipulates his mother in the sense that he wants to get a reaction from her, by any means, from making her laugh to making her cry. He wants her to feel something and manipulates her feelings until he gets what he wants. This is to the first time Atwood depicts a male character exercising power over women. Once more, Atwood uses conflict to support her theme. The diversions the two young men played in their initial youth are all centered around win ning an aggregate force upon the other and on controlling the other to achieve that objective. They all used parallel strategies: you had to see where you were headed before you got there, but also where the other guy was headed. Crake was good at that game because he was a master of the sideways leap. (47). It appears that control and the suspicion that one must have some force pond another person is embedded from right on time youth, however likewise that Crake as of now had a transcendence on Jimmy, playing recreations additionally in a general way treating him with prevalence and loftiness. He appears to make a moron of Jimmy, and this inclination contain joyously develops, alongside the novel, as Jimmy finds Crakes arrange and after that as he understands that Crake made him in charge Of his animals once mankind is destructed. Jimmys impression of being misdirected comes with the clear naivety he exemplifies. Manipulation would therefore be n implement for potent people to have power upon weaker people. In like matter, the theme manipulation is shown through Tattoos use of symbolism. Atwood uses the pills to display the affect that companies has over the citizens. By supplying the pills everyone thinks they take it to be healthy. Eave cant give people hope. Hope isnt ripping off! At Nonskid princes it is. You hype your wares and take all their money and then they run out of cash, and its no more treatments for them. (67). The company manipulates individuals by creating them to believe that they are sick, and retesting to cure them of something that doesnt they dont even have. The way that the organizations have aggregate control over the needs of individuals, over their longings and over what they purchase to satisfy them, demonstrates how compelling they are in the general public and how they can keep on creating without being addressed. The need to fit a model, the steady yearning for wellbeing, excellence, and even sexual claim is molded by these partnerships, making both the need and the arrangement. The force here lives in the way that the companies assemble the entire impact accessible in the public arena because of the framework that works around. In the novel, Orgy and Crake the theme manipulation is demonstrated through the utilization of symbolism, conflict, and imagery. Atwood passes on unique intending to the reader on various events all through her novel. Her gifted utilization of these devises underscores her principle focuses and frequently makes distinctive image in the reader mind.

Dialectical Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dialectical Argument - Essay Example I said that little by little, people should start patronizing free and open source softwares so that softwares could be more accessible to all, poor and rich people alike. . FOSS are increasingly gaining popularity worldwide. In contrast to proprietary softwares, all FOSS grant users the right to use, study, change, and improve software design through the availability of the source codes. Programmers can use a particular software with a particular function to fit into a more comprehensive program he or she is designing. The word "free," in this context refers to the freedom to use or modify the source and not to the price of the software. Some FOSS are sold to consumers. However, some software developers release their softwares to the public entirely free of charge. The three softwares I mentioned are examples of the latter. My friend however was not that supportive of FOSS compared to me. In fairness to her, she clarified that she was not against FOSS per se. What she was against is giving the software away to the public free of charge. She fears that such measures takes away incentives for software developers to continue designing softwares. For her, this is detrimental to the software sciences as a whole. Being a sociology major, she also raised that as direct products of labor, mainly that of programmers, softwares have exchange value based on Marxs theory of value (Parry and Bloch). The exchange value, she said, was obvious, as softwares, be it proprietary or FOSS can be sold in the market. She contends that it was simply unfair and irrational for software developers to put an effort into developing a product with commercial value and simply giving it away for free. Indeed, Anna raised valid concerns. The quest for profit has indeed fueled many people and corporations to make advances in technology. Years back, kids have been inspired by the media and their parents to imitate "big-time" people like Bill

Systems Development and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Systems Development and Design - Essay Example al., 2010). Focusing on this aspect, the report analyses the business processes of Amazon.co.uk. The report also includes the application of Unified Modelling Language (UML) case diagrams as a part of business investigation of Amazon. About Amazon.co.uk Amazon is considered as one of the renowned e-commerce organisations, which deals in a variety consumer based products. It is one of the most popular online retail stores, which provides beauty products, apparels, jewels, foods and books among other stuffs. The key reason behind enormity of Amazon is its remarkable product range. Amazon makes every possible attempt in order to tailor the experience of customers. Amazon uses multi-level e-commerce tactics and allows everyone to sell different products by using its platform. Business Processes of Amazaon.co.uk Amazon.co.uk is capable of delivering orders directly to the consumers as it has a strong relationship with suppliers, publishers, producers and other business associates. Moreove r, a considerable number of third party sellers also enable Amazon.co.uk to provide abundant product selections without enhancing the level of stock beyond optimal level. Customer orders are placed through the website of Amazon.co.uk and customers expect instantaneous delivery of products. The base of sales channel of Amazon.co.uk is front-end which serves as the core of the business process. Customers go through the website of Amazon, search different products and place orders. Amazon.co.uk is liable for maintaining every front-end customer relationships and back-end logistics. After placing an order, Amazon.co.uk agrees to use the best internal distribution centre for shipping the order to the customer. The organisation is liable for coordinating the fulfilment of customers’ order. When the products are obtained from internal distribution centres, Amazon picks up, parcels and distributes the order. When the products are obtained from drop shipper, the supplier parcels the i tem and delivers to the customers. This business process requires Amazon.co.uk to maintain an optimum level of stock for instantaneous selling (Chiles & Dau, 2005). The other aspect of Amazon.co.uk is ‘Syndicated Stores’ program which permits different third party organisations to sell products by using the website of Amazon. In such a system, Amazon.co.uk provides the services with respect to technology, inventory and logistics for maintaining proper customer relationships. In this system, customers go through other websites, browse for the products they prefer to purchase and then place the order. The orders are essentially placed on the inventory of Amazon.co.uk and the organisational system determines the transporter which would deliver the products to the customers on time. The fulfilment of the order process execution follows the similar process as the base business process of Amazon.co.uk (Chiles & Dau, 2005). Since Amazon.co.uk acquires different product lines f rom diverse suppliers and assembles them according to the requirements of customers, its business process comprises strong supply chain activities. Amazon.co.uk depends entirely on just-in-time management approach. It has several

Internet Censorship Essay Example for Free

Internet Censorship Essay Introduction Censorship had always been a subject of debate among those who want media to be censored and those who feel that censorship is a violation of the freedom of speech. The internet has not escaped the issue of censorship. The internet is an information highway and no other form of media is as pervasive and far reaching. Those who favor censoring the internet feels that there should be some form of protection for minors and all people from viewing offensive materials on the internet while those who are against it believes that people should be given the right to choose what to view or not as stated in the first amendment. This paper discusses the arguments for the need to censor the internet and why it should not be censored. Background With the observed prevalence of indecent language and obscene pictures in the internet, groups and organizations have called on for the censorship of the internet. The government’s response to this call was the Communications Decency Act of 1996 which was passed into law by the United States Congress; the act would regulate the forms of speech in the internet (Wallace Mangan, 1996). The law was seen by pro-censorship groups as a way of minimizing immoral content in the internet which might have contributed to the moral degeneration of our society (Qazi, 1996). A year after, the Supreme Court ruled that the CDA was unconstitutional and in turn protected the first amendment (EPIC, 2002). The victory of the free speech proponents over the CDA was short lived, in 1998; the Child Online Protection Act was signed into law by President Clinton which in essence took after the CDA. The COPA mandated criminal penalties for commercially distributing materials harmful to minors including indecent speech (EPIC, 2004). The enactment of COPA again resulted to heated debates and protests over the unconstitutionality of the law, and the free speech protesters were not disappointed. In 2004, after a series of Supreme Court ruling against the COPA, it maintained the injunction on the enforcement of the law. Communications Decency Act of 1996 The President signed the Communications Decency Act into law in January 1996; the act criminalizes indecent speech on the internet. The act identifies that speech depicting sexual organs and acts, excretory organs and acts in a patently offensive fashion under contemporary community standards as indecent speech (Wallace Mangan, 1996). The dubious and vague definition of indecency and the standards by which a word (pure text) is judged to be obscene have made the act questionable. In fact, the CDA was met with violent reactions because it proved to be too restrictive and did not account for situations wherein sexually explicit words have to be used but has scientific, literary, artistic or political values. The act also stated that indecency will be judged based on it being patently offensive, which in practice allows a jury to judge the material as indecent based on how they feel about it, regardless of its scientific, literary or artistic value. Moreover, it also permitted the community to determine the standards by which indecency can be measured. This is unrealistic, for every community or state has its own cultural standards and asking people to use words or materials that are acceptable to each community means restricting speech to the most conservative standards. On the other hand, the Morality in Media, the National Law Center for Children and Families, the National Coalition for the Protection of Children and Families and the Family Research Council, who are pro-CDA argue that the CDA does not infringe upon the first amendment. The act accordingly updates and amends Federal obscenity statutes and dial-a-porn laws and that it requires adults who use patently offensive sexual expression to place blinders on their pornography. Further, they point out that what is indecent is well known to the general public and the mass media and that the court should re-interpret the law to be applied only to prurient pornography (McCullagh, 1996). The Supreme Court easily ruled that the CDA was unconstitutional due to the fact that the act tries to restrict content and this is in direct violation of the first amendment. Child Online Protection Act of 1998 The Child Online Protection Act is another effort to censor the content of the internet. It is different from the CDA in that it specifies that children should be protected from harmful language and materials made available in the internet. Thus violators will be subjected to steep fines and prison terms. As with the case with the CDA the COPA also is judged to be too restrictive. It mandates that all material or written text in the internet be acceptable to children, thus it would mean that the content of the internet is limited to children only. In this respect the act states that identifying data should be provided by adults like credit cards to determine their age, but is also discriminatory to those adults who do not have credit cards. Thus the act again is a threat to the freedom of speech that is a fundamental and basic right to each human being. The Supreme Court also finds the act unconstitutional and even after a series of appeals and injunctions; it has maintained that the act cannot be enforced into law. Meanwhile, those who endorse the COPA articulate that the act is dissimilar from the CDA because it applies to commercial pornographic sites. In an attempt to refute the arguments of those against the COPA, the pro groups reiterate that it is economically and technically feasible for the identified sites to check for the age of the surfers and that defining what is harmful to minors is not vague and complicated and can easily be implemented by the states (Macavinta, 1999). They feel that the COPA is needed at this time and age because of the necessity of protecting our children from being corrupted by harmful materials in the internet that may be a cause for abuse and exploitation (Macavinta, 1998). Conclusions Efforts to censor the internet have failed because as an interactive medium it is a vehicle for the expression of man’s freedom of speech. Any attempt by the government to restrict it is a violation of the fundamental human rights of each individual in this democratic country. But the justification for the need of a law to protect children from pornography and violent materials in any form is undeniably valid and should be also be respected. The Supreme Court has also supported the free speech groups in their fight against censorship and is undeniably a champion of the first amendment, but it does not mean that the SC do not give due importance to children’s welfare and safety but striking a balance between the freedom of speech and censorship is a difficult battle to win. Bibliography Communications Decency Act (February 2, 2002). Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/cda/ Internet Censorship (February 1, 2002). Electronic Privacy Information Center, RetrievedApril 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/censorship/ Macavinta, C. (1998). Suit filed against CDA II, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://news. com. com/Suit+filed+against+CDA+II/2100-1023_3-217005. html? tag=st. rn Macavinta, C. (1999). DOJ to wrap up pro-COPA testimony, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://news. com. com/DOJ+to+wrap+up+pro-COPA+testimony/2100-1023_3-220574. html McCullagh, D. (1996). The CDA challenge: The battle of the briefs. Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://www. xent. com/spring96/0582. html Qazi, U. (1996). The internet censorship controversy, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://courses. cs. vt. edu/~cs3604/lib/Censorship/notes. html#6 The Legal Challenge to the Child Online Protection Act (June 29, 2004). Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/copa/ Wallace, J. Mangan, M. (1996). The Internet Censorship FAQ, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. spectacle. org/freespch/faq. htm Notes: Actual Materials Cited †¢ Wallace, J. Mangan, M. (1996). The Internet Censorship FAQ, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www.spectacle. org/freespch/faq. htm What threats of censorship exist for the Internet? The principal threat of Internet censorship today is the Communications Decency Act, a law passed by Congress and signed by the President in January, 1996 which would apply quite radical regulations to speech on the Internet. What is the Communications Decency Act (CDA)? The CDA criminalizes indecent speech on the Internet. One section of the CDA defines indecency as speech depicting or describing sexual or excretory acts or organs in a patently offensive fashion under contemporary community standards. Each of these clausesindecent, depicting or describing, patently offensive, and contemporary community standardshides a landmine threatening the future of freedom of speech in this country. †¢ Communications Decency Act (February 2, 2002). Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/cda/ In a landmark decision issued on June 26,1997, the Supreme Court held that the Communications Decency Act violated the First Amendments guarantee of freedom of speech. †¢ The Legal Challenge to the Child Online Protection Act (June 29, 2004). Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/copa/ In October 1998, Congress passed and President Clinton signed into law the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), the sequel to CDA. COPA establishes criminal penalties for any commercial distribution of material harmful to minors. †¢ McCullagh, D. (1996). The CDA challenge: The battle of the briefs. Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://www. xent. com/spring96/0582. html. The arguments advanced in the brief a joint venture of Morality in Media, the National Law Center for Children and Families, the Family Research Council, Enough is Enough! , and the National Coalition for the Protection of Children and Families center around one concept: indecency means pornography. That idea stinks like, well, a rotten egg. Their argument, which mirrors the DoJs, goes as follows: 1. The CDA merely updates and amends Federal obscenity statutes and dial-a-porn laws. 2. All the CDA does is require adults who use patently offensive sexual expression to put electronic blinder racks in front of their pornography. 3. The test for indecency is not vague or overbroad and does not apply to serious works of literature, art, science, and politics. 4. What is indecent is well known to the public and the operators of mass communications media facilities. (If indecency is too vague, the CDA is unconstitutional. ) 5. The court has an obligation to interpret these sections narrowly. That is, the three-judge panel should *reinterpret* the CDA to affect only prurient pornography. Taylor calls this judicial narrowing, and when I spoke with him he insisted that it was what the court will do. †¢ Macavinta, C. (1998). Suit filed against CDA II, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://news. com. com/Suit+filed+against+CDA+II/2100-1023_3-217005. html? tag=st. rn The law simply extends into cyberspace laws that protect children from pornography off the Net, Shyla Welch, director of communication for Enough is Enough, which lobbied for the legislation, said today. †¢ Macavinta, C. (1999). DOJ to wrap up pro-COPA testimony, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://news.com. com/DOJ+to+wrap+up+pro-COPA+testimony/2100-1023_3-220574. html Proponents of COPA say it is different from the CDA in that it only applies to sites selling pornography. Witnesses will testify today that it is economically and technically feasible for these sites to check surfers IDs through credit cards, adult PINs, or digital signatures. Justice Department witnesses will testify that Web sites will not be harmed financially by the lawand that defining harmful to minors is not as complicated as the ACLU makes it out to be. After all, 48 states have harmful to minors laws on the books, they will argue. †¢ Qazi, U. (1996). The internet censorship controversy, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://courses. cs. vt. edu/~cs3604/lib/Censorship/notes. html#6 Both public and private interest groups have shown great concern for the content of material available via the Internet. They are driven by deeply rooted religious and ethical beliefs. They feel that the Internet is a medium that is being abused to allow extremists, unethical, and immoral individuals to corrupt society.

The Pit an the Pendulum :: essays research papers

The Pit an the Pendulum By: Edger Allen Poe The Pit an the Pendulum by Edger Allen Poe is what this essay came from. The story starts with the heretic getting sentenced the death penalty. He is thrown in a big pitch black pit, with a swinging pendulum hanging from the roof, to eventually be killed in some way. I believe that this character is a dynamic character because he goes through a lot and changes a lot.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One thing that was interesting was, that the heretic might have been post humus. He says â€Å"I was sick, sick unto death,† he referred to his sickness as past tense by saying â€Å"was.† Unto death means that he is dead. So he was saying that he was sick until he died. So is he post humus or does it just sound that way?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think if you read this story you will agree that he is delusional. In fact he says â€Å"I saw angels for a few moments of delirious Horror.† So he also knows he’s delirious. For a while he saw angels, then their heads burst into flames and eventually into candles. He also sees the judges again and some other images.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you would guess he was scared. He said that he trembled at the sound of his own voice. He is scared about the horrible death and he’s not even sure what it is. The blade, at the end of the story, comes down so far that when he’s lying down on the floor it is slowly cutting his robe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally he becomes relived. He actually was not just relieved at the end but also in the middle of the story. He stated that his distress had left him. The rats bite through his straps that were holding him down and I’m sure that led to a lot of relief. At the end of the story he sees an outstretched arm and then is pulled out of his cell, which was the ultimate relief.

A Reflection On Modern Medicine Essay

The Hippocratic Oath is a promise in essence â€Å"to do no harm† made by a new doctor before becoming a practicing physician. The oath has been a standard of the medical community for several centuries. It remains just as meaningful and valid today as when Hippocrates wrote it in 400 BC. Medical ethics in today’s modern society has become very blurry and hard to understand (Price 1). It is not the oath that has acquired a more complicated meaning. It is the practice of medicine that has become more complex. Presently, it is becoming increasingly more difficult for doctors to discern good medicine from bad medicine. In our current society political correctness, policy, and politics have come to define good medicine as opposed to what is best for the patient. Over a century ago, H. G. Wells was criticized for his novel The Island of Doctor Moreau written in 1896. Literary critics and the general public were appalled by the atrocities depicted in the text. Contemporary authors, physicians, and scientists could not fathom the cruel behavior of Doctor Moreau. And it was easy to see that Dr. Moreau was practicing bad medicine and had broken his vow ‘to do now harm. ’ The Island of Doctor Moreau was a novel written late in 1896 by H. G. Wells. The plot seems relatively simple and typical of a science fiction novel. A young civil servant is the sole survivor of shipwreck. He is found floating along side the island of Doctor Moreau who rescues him. The young man has no knowledge that Doctor Moreau has fled from his home nation fearing charges of animal cruelty. Upon first impressions, the young man falls in love with the island. Slowly he remembers stories about Dr. Moreau and the horrors he created. The lush fauna and sandy beaches are exciting and new to him. To paraphrase John S. Partington, in The Death of the Static: H. G. Wells and the Kinetic Utopia, Dr. Moreau’s island was like Eden, Dr. Moreau was God, and Prendick was like Adam. When curiosity gets the best of him he wanders deep into the overgrowth and what he finds there is deeply shocking. Doctor Moreau is using a process called vivisection to create a hybrid of animal and human. His research goal is to make man be absent of evil. In the end Moreau is killed and the young man, Prendick, escapes and lives to tell the tale. To gain a better understanding of the novel and the beliefs of H. G. Wells it is important to look at the prevailing scientific knowledge of the time in which the novel was written. The late 19th century was when Darwin first made known his theories of evolution and survival of the fittest. Darwin believed that all species including humans, change with time. In time when God was the creator of all, the idea of evolution and our link to other species was very disturbing to the general public. H. G. Wells was a contemporary writer of this time. In two of his most famous novels, The Time Machine and The Island of Doctor Moreau, he investigates the conflict between nature and God. In summary, H. G. Wells was not just an author but also a trained biologist. What could be more frightening than an island of beasts butchered by a mad scientist. Dr. Moreau does not just alter the bodies but using plastic surgery to make them appear human but also their minds (Mclean). He has them recite the laws he created. The gather together and chant â€Å"Not to go on all-fours; that is the Law. Are we not Men? † But that is not the worst of it. After the chanting of the Law comes the hymn of praise to their Creator: His is the House of Pain. His is the Hand that makes. His is the Hand that wounds. His is the Hand that heals. His is the lightning-flash. His is the deep salt sea. His are the stars in the sky†¦. To summarize Freeman Dyson point in his book titled Disturbing the Universe, a biologist like Wells has had to confront the idea, can the scientific community play god and if so, can they stay sane (Dyson 111). Can the scientific community remain objected and no let the power of life, death, and creation which is left in their hands go to their heads. If the answer is no, than the lesson is learned, and Dr. Moreau is what will be produced. A man who knows no ethical boundaries, who believes he is more powerful than God. Much of H. G. Wells writing explores the idea of what are the implications of modern biology gone wrong. By allowing people and animals to be altered, even if it is treatment for their â€Å"own good† the human race will loose two important anchors- our sense of identity, and the brotherhood of mankind. These two things keep us sane and of course any visitor to The Island of Dr. Moreau looses these completely. Certainly, Prendick does, he must fight for his life and kill, an activity he would never do had he not wandered upon the Doctor’s Island. The scientific community has come a long way since 1896. The knowledge of DNA, we know in detail how life is produced and reproduced. Whoever can read the DNA language can also learn to write it. Whoever learns to write the language will in time learn to design living creatures according to his whim. Presently, the public should fear not the crude Dr. Moreau’s with knives but the young, bright zoologist sitting at his computer cloning an extinct animal, or splicing genes in and out the human genome to create a superior human. Though it was science-fiction in 1896, Wells’ novel is frighteningly close to science today. The issues he pressed in this novel are still current. Even more so because the lines of what constitutes harm are very blurry. What Doctor Moreau did was wrong but aren’t plastic surgeons modern versions of Doctor Moreau? Except clients actually pay them to slice them up and make them more perfect humans. In 2003 there were 8. 7 million cosmetic plastic surgeries. This number is up 32% from 2002 (Hill). What Doctor Moreau did was wrong but aren’t therapists taking advantage of a nation’s worth of people who are â€Å"emotionally underdeveloped, psychically frail, and requiring the ministrations of mental health professionals to cope with life’s vicissitudes. Being â€Å"in touch with one’s feelings† and freely expressing them have become paramount personal virtues. Today-with a book for every ailment, a counselor for every crisis, a lawsuit for every grievance, and a TV show for every conceivable problem-we are at risk of degrading our native ability to cope with life’s challenges. † (Sommers). Is that any worse then Doctor Moreau solution of having his pseudo humans chant the rules of being human? Sally Satel who wrote Victimizing the ‘Victims’, which is the commentary exploring how political correctness in the medical profession is hindering the quality of patient care people receive. In summary Satel says, the goals of the public health sector have changed from using science to improve people’s lives to a â€Å"global ideology to manipulate the way people think about disease and its remedies. † The change is not for the better. Today, she argues, victimology is one of the biggest trends in medicine. There is a trend in the medical world to look at connection as the cause and make diagnoses accordingly. For example, it’s true that wealthier people tend to be healthier. But can you assume that poverty is responsible for higher levels of disease among the poor? Are the poor incapable of helping themselves? Well, yes, argue leading â€Å"indoctrinologists,† as Satel calls the backers of poltically correct medicine. Which is why two health experts could write in the American Journal for Public Health, â€Å"we must address the social inequalities that so reliably produce† these inequalities in health (Satel). HMO’s offer a similar problem. To paraphrase Sarah Cay Bradley viewpoint with the increase of HMO’s there has been a drastic decrease in how much Americans spend on healthcare, also decreasing is the quality of healthcare people are receiving. Doctors are forced to follow the rules of their demanding HMO partners. Even if what is in the best interest of the patient does not follow those rules. There are several cost effective policies that physicians are required to follow today. One concept is time is money, the quicker a doctor gets a patient out the more money that is saved. Doctors always seem to be in a hurry spending very little time actually speaking to their patients. Which can lead to misdiagnosis or overlooked health problems. Political correctness, policy, and politics drive the current scientific and medical communities. Instead of producing healthcare professionals who are compassionate and reflective, they produce professionals can simply follow instructions. Just because doctors today are following the rules set forth for them by insurance companies, and the government does not mean they are practicing good medicine. Perhaps they too, like Doctor Moreau, have forgotten their oath ‘to do no harm’ and replaced it with the creed ‘make more money. ’ In 1896 H. G. Wells, pondered in text, the â€Å"what ifs† of what could go wrong with modern medicine and science. The public rebuked his rather blunt commentary as foolishness and vulgarity. A hundred years later, Dr. Moreau has become the norm. Works Cited Dyson, Freeman. Disturbing the Universe. New York: Basic Books, 1979. Questia. 10 Dec. 2005 . Hill, Theresa. â€Å"More Than 8. 7M Cosmetic Plastic Surgeries in 2003, Up 32 Pct. Over 2002; For 12th Year, American Society of Plastic Surgeons Reports Statistics. † US New Wire Service. 8 March 2004. 09 Dec. 2005 . Mclean, Steven. â€Å"W. Warren Mclean. H. G. Wells: Traversing Time. † Utopian Studies 16. 2 (2005): 320+. Questia. 10 Dec. 2005 .